The Essence Of Islamic Feminism: Debunking the Western Perspective

“Gender equality isn’t a favor; it’s a right.” This assertion prompts the question: can a centuries-old religion accommodate such a modern ideal? The simple answer is yes—Islam inherently champions gender equality, rooted in its spiritual teachings. Islamic feminism seeks the complete equality of all Muslims, irrespective of gender, in both public and private life.

Feminism has helped highlight how Islam, at its core, promotes gender equity. However, cultural and traditional practices, influenced by patriarchy and male dominance, often overshadowed these teachings. As global calls for equality gained momentum, they were frequently misunderstood, especially in the Muslim world, where feminism’s Western origins provoked resistance. Ironically, Muslim women were granted equal rights at the inception of Islam but were consistently deprived of them. They were often reminded of their obligations while being denied awareness of their corresponding rights.

Feminism Without Borders: A Global Perspective

Since the mid-19th century, both Muslim women and men have critiqued practices such as restrictions on women’s education, seclusion, veiling, polygyny, and slavery. Modern Muslims have questioned these norms and called for reform. Muslim feminists, in turn, have rewritten narratives and discovered Islam’s empowering aspects for women.

History provides numerous examples of empowered Muslim women. Hazrat Khadija, for instance, was a successful merchant in Mecca and a staunch supporter of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Similarly, Fatima Al-Fihri founded the world’s first university, the University of Al Quaraouiyine, in 859 AD, at a time when education for women was often restricted. Khawla Bint al-Azwar, a fearless Arab Muslim warrior, fought valiantly during the Muslim conquest of the Levant, proving that modesty and chastity can coexist with strength and bravery in any field.

The Quran itself is a profound source of gender equity, with verses such as:  “So, their Lord responded to them: ‘I will never deny any of you—male or female—the reward of your deeds. Both are equal in reward.’” (Quran 3:195).  Nowhere does the Quran state that one gender is superior to the other. Men and women are described as equal creations of God, endowed with intellectual and physical capabilities.

The primary challenge feminism faced in the Muslim world was its Western origins. However, Islamic feminism differs from secular feminism in key ways. It is more radical in its approach, advocating for equality not just in public life but also within private spheres. Despite these differences, the broader ideals of feminism and Islam’s emphasis on gender equity align.

Gender Equality: A Popular Slogan

Modern Islamic feminists continue to advocate for these principles. Figures like Farzana Bari, a Pakistani human rights activist, have championed gender justice by opposing practices like honor killings and domestic violence. Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) statement—“The best among you is the one who is best to his wife, and I am the best among you in my dealings with my wives”—further highlights Islam’s respect for women. Yet, patriarchal systems often distort such teachings, silencing those who dare demand their rights by falsely claiming that Islam already guarantees them.

Other notable Muslim feminists, such as Asma Barlas, Benazir Bhutto, and Shirin Ebadi, have furthered the cause by challenging injustice. Azizah al-Hibri, a feminist legal scholar, emphasizes that the Quran views all humans as equal creations of God, divided into nations and tribes solely to foster mutual understanding, not superiority.

In Islam, the relationship between men and women is described as complementary rather than hierarchical. Men are tasked with material and physical responsibilities, while women are often entrusted with emotional and familial roles. This partnership is one of equality, not ownership or control.

Feminism, however, is often demonized, particularly by men who perceive it as a threat to their long-held dominance. Misunderstandings and pseudo-feminist agendas have further fueled resistance. True feminism, including Islamic feminism, does not undermine the significance of men in society. Instead, it rejects male control over women’s choices and lives. It also champions “freedom of choice”—whether a woman chooses to pursue a career, be a homemaker, or both, the decision must be hers alone.

Feminism is a revolution akin to others that have shaped history. Today, men struggle with the realization that women no longer rely on them for emotional or financial survival. This demands a reevaluation of masculinity in 2024, moving away from outdated patriarchal norms that harm both men and women. It’s time for societies to embrace the revolution of women’s empowerment, which Islam has long supported.